Showing posts with label thornburg. Show all posts
Showing posts with label thornburg. Show all posts

Sunday, August 22, 2010

Bridging the Digital Divide



According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness (2010), in 2007 there were 671,859 homeless people in the United States alone. And, this statistic does not reflect the impact of home foreclosures due to the recent economic recession. Even in a country where many consider access to technology ubiquitous, if one has no home, technology is often beyond his or her reach. The World Wide Web necessarily takes a back seat to those without safe and secure shelter. Technology is not one of the basic tools needed for survival. Or, is it rapidly becoming just that?


Thornburg (2009) believes access to technology a local reality, not a global one. I would take his thoughts one step further and pose that access actually has a much narrower window; that our local reality is actually an individual one. I would suggest that access to technology remains, unfortunately, an individual privilege based on socioeconomic status, culture, level of education, and even gender in some societies. Therefore, schools, public libraries, and community centers must provide opportunities for people to gain online access to housing information, education, career information, and social contacts. If communities, through a strong tax base and advocacy programs, provide high speed Internet access in the schools and public arenas then it will surely help narrow the digital divide. If, however, schools and communities neglect to provide computer-related services, then the residents will surely fall further behind the digital curve, and the socioeconomic curve, too. The bridge crossing the digital divide will continue to be a tenuous one.


Soloway (n.d.) suggested that smartphones might help level the technology playing field. The affordability, portability, and prevalence of smartphones make this technology a key ingredient in making the world flatter. One needs not have a permanent residence to own and use a smartphone. The pervasive presence of cellular towers, and 3G coverage in many communities, allows equal access to technology-related services. In addition, I would suggest that the open sourcing of Web sites would further flatten the playing field. It will break down barriers to resources and knowledge. Free and public use of information and materials will help those without means to communicate and create on par with those who do.


Yet, access is not enough. As educators and leaders in the field, we must teach, train, encourage, advertise, and facilitate users throughout the process. We should be aware of emerging technologies and willing to adopt those that suit our needs. We must make technology easy and efficient to use in order to lessen the intimidation factor. What is transparent and second nature to digital natives remains foreign, fearful, and magical to those with little to no computer skills. It is incumbent upon those with the means and skills to share their knowledge with others.


The following article, by Sheryl Burgstahler, Ph,D., describes ways that computer labs can be designed to facilitate equal access through Universal Design. Specifically she addresses the inclusion of those with disabilities. Read her suggestions here: http://www.washington.edu/doit/Brochures/Technology/comp.access.html


According to the Open Source Initiative, it is a “non-profit corporation formed to educate about and advocate for the benefits of open source and build bridges among different constituencies and the open source community” (¶ 2). The site includes links to blogs and articles related to ongoing issues in open sourcing. Read more about it here: http://www.opensource.org/


References


National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2010). Changes in homelessness 05 – 07 map. Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org/content/article/detail/2797


Soloway, E. (n.d.). The digital divide: Leveling the playing field. [Podcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1


Thornburg, D. D. (2009). Diversity and globalism. [Vodcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1

Wednesday, June 30, 2010

Lose the Wires and Get Connected


Reversal: The process by which an emerging technology simultaneously sets the stage for its own replacement (Thornburg, 2008). The smartphone, which was reversed by the cell phone, previously reversed by the telephone, and before that by the telegraph, is an example of how a chain of innovation progresses and impacts society. We are progressively getting better connected and faster connected through these technological achievements. Yet, what will the smartphone reverse? What will be on the telecommunication stage of the future? A tetrad analysis may provide us some clues.


Tetrads are four-part structures that help people discern the interrelationships among historical evidence, current information, and predictions for the future. They provide perspective about what is enhanced by the technology, what was made obsolete, what it retrieved from the distant past, and what it might reverse toward the future.


For example, the tetrad (pictured above) developed for the smartphone includes the following:

· Enhances: The smartphone consolidated multiple applications into one device. It became a portable, handheld computer that could also be used as a camera, MP3 player, video player, GPS, and PDA. It can be used for gaming and social and professional networking. Users can access and share wherever satellites and towers exist. But, perhaps the most incredible aspect of the smartphone is the ability to allow third-party application design.

· Obsoletes: The smartphone is quickly making a plethora of stand-alone technologies obsolete. Some of them include: landline telephones, hard-wired computing, paper maps, PDAs, CD players and tape recorders, and instamatic cameras. There is no longer a need for multiple electronic devices.

· Retrieves: The smartphone brings to mind tools of the distant and not-so-distant past. For example, the research capability recalls encyclopedias, the ability to communicate with multiple people recalls party lines, the GPS reminds us of atlases, that camera feature is similar to the instantly developing Polaroid, the interactive gaming capacity retrieves our competitive nature in board games, and the phone calls up earlier means of communicating over long distances: the telegraph and pony express.

· Reverses: Although the future of smartphones is unknown, Brandon (2010) predicted some possibilities. He suggested that the smartphones of tomorrow may be situation- and location-aware devices. This could mean that the phone will detect your thirst, point you toward the nearest establishment that serves your favorite drink, and offer to pay your bill. In addition, the future smartphone could be service-oriented where it could detect unsafe air contaminants, it could include biosensors for heart and health, and it could connect you with others at social functions that share similar interests.



Brandon, J. (2010). The future of smartphones: 2010-2015 and beyond. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-future-of-smartphones-2010-2015-and-beyond/


Thornburg, D. D. (2008). Emerging technologies and McLuhan's Laws of Media. Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration.



The Development of Mobile Learning for Smartphones, an article by Judy Nix, addresses the need to develop courseware for handheld devices. Further, the author suggests that the smartphone holds undiscovered resources for education that will help motivate and engage learners beyond the class walls and the scheduled class times. You can read it here: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/206926/The-Development-of-Mobile-Learning-for-Smartphones


The following article from The New York Times by Matt Ritchtel and Brad Stone (2009) suggests that spending more time on smartphones in the classroom can actually make students smarter. It presents both sides of the argument to include the economic impacts. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/16/technology/16phone.html


The following site purports to be a news lifestyle magazine and shopping guide for technology consumers. It gives up-to-the-minute news stories on emerging technologies for the tech enthusiast. I4U tries to sense the next big thing by tapping sources around the world and issuing reviews of new products. They also provide RSS feeds. You may find it here: http://www.i4u.com/