Sunday, August 22, 2010

Bridging the Digital Divide



According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness (2010), in 2007 there were 671,859 homeless people in the United States alone. And, this statistic does not reflect the impact of home foreclosures due to the recent economic recession. Even in a country where many consider access to technology ubiquitous, if one has no home, technology is often beyond his or her reach. The World Wide Web necessarily takes a back seat to those without safe and secure shelter. Technology is not one of the basic tools needed for survival. Or, is it rapidly becoming just that?


Thornburg (2009) believes access to technology a local reality, not a global one. I would take his thoughts one step further and pose that access actually has a much narrower window; that our local reality is actually an individual one. I would suggest that access to technology remains, unfortunately, an individual privilege based on socioeconomic status, culture, level of education, and even gender in some societies. Therefore, schools, public libraries, and community centers must provide opportunities for people to gain online access to housing information, education, career information, and social contacts. If communities, through a strong tax base and advocacy programs, provide high speed Internet access in the schools and public arenas then it will surely help narrow the digital divide. If, however, schools and communities neglect to provide computer-related services, then the residents will surely fall further behind the digital curve, and the socioeconomic curve, too. The bridge crossing the digital divide will continue to be a tenuous one.


Soloway (n.d.) suggested that smartphones might help level the technology playing field. The affordability, portability, and prevalence of smartphones make this technology a key ingredient in making the world flatter. One needs not have a permanent residence to own and use a smartphone. The pervasive presence of cellular towers, and 3G coverage in many communities, allows equal access to technology-related services. In addition, I would suggest that the open sourcing of Web sites would further flatten the playing field. It will break down barriers to resources and knowledge. Free and public use of information and materials will help those without means to communicate and create on par with those who do.


Yet, access is not enough. As educators and leaders in the field, we must teach, train, encourage, advertise, and facilitate users throughout the process. We should be aware of emerging technologies and willing to adopt those that suit our needs. We must make technology easy and efficient to use in order to lessen the intimidation factor. What is transparent and second nature to digital natives remains foreign, fearful, and magical to those with little to no computer skills. It is incumbent upon those with the means and skills to share their knowledge with others.


The following article, by Sheryl Burgstahler, Ph,D., describes ways that computer labs can be designed to facilitate equal access through Universal Design. Specifically she addresses the inclusion of those with disabilities. Read her suggestions here: http://www.washington.edu/doit/Brochures/Technology/comp.access.html


According to the Open Source Initiative, it is a “non-profit corporation formed to educate about and advocate for the benefits of open source and build bridges among different constituencies and the open source community” (¶ 2). The site includes links to blogs and articles related to ongoing issues in open sourcing. Read more about it here: http://www.opensource.org/


References


National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2010). Changes in homelessness 05 – 07 map. Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org/content/article/detail/2797


Soloway, E. (n.d.). The digital divide: Leveling the playing field. [Podcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1


Thornburg, D. D. (2009). Diversity and globalism. [Vodcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1

Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Buy, Rent, or Stream?

Theaters, movie rental stores, Redbox rentals in big box super stores, and Netflix: where to go, where to go, when you want to watch a movie? When charged to watch a movie based on a Philip K. Dick book, I consciously chose to rent from a local movie, music, and gaming supply store. They need my business. My community needs the tax base and the jobs created by the store. I will continue to support it as long as they are in business. Blockbuster and Movie Gallery have recently closed their doors and bowed to the convenience of door-to-door delivery and online movie streaming provided by Netflix. My neighborhood store may, indeed, be in jeopardy.


Netflix, founded in 1999, is the world’s largest subscription service for movies and television episodes over the Internet and by mail. According to the Netflix website, for $8.99 a month, members can instantly watch unlimited movies and TV episodes. No due dates. No late fees. In 2004, Netflix recorded nearly 2 million members (Desjardins, 2004). In 2009 they had 12.3 million subscribers. By 2010 they recorded more than 15 million subscribers. Anderson (2004) described four stages, or inflection points, where technologies collide, changing the technology and its impact on society. The stages are: critical price, critical mass, displacement, and low to no cost. By any definition, the information presented above provides evidence of these ‘collisions’. In the short decade since Netflix arrived on the scene, the critical price was established [Movielink offered movie downloads for $5 over a 24 hour period (Desjardins, 2004)], critical mass was achieved, the cost per unit rental has become negligible, and the big business rental stores were displaced by the technology and convenience of the emergent business.


Initially, Netflix presented a Red Queens challenge to the other movie rental businesses (Thornburg, 2009b). Incentives were offered; prices and availability of movies and services were juggled as the competing businesses fought to maintain their positions in the market. Before the end of the decade, however, the force of Increasing Returns dominated as Netflix forced the closure of the competing movie rental stores (Thornburg, 2009a). Before long, even DVDs may become obsolete as movie streaming gains ground. Bandwidth issues, however, must be addressed by ISPs before streaming can become the norm.

The following tetrad represents the four stages of how the movie industry has shifted due to emergent technologies:


In this PC World blog, Jacqueline Emigh (2009) predicts the death of the DVD due to movie downloads. Following her discussion are extensive comments, both in support of her arguments and against. http://www.pcworld.com/article/181345/best_buy_movie_downloads_is_the_death_of_the_dvd_nigh.html


And, to present an opposing view, Doug Desjardins (2004) wrote an article that suggests that the death of the DVD is greatly exaggerated. Although the author makes some valid points, before you hasten to agree or disagree with this site, one must note the date of the article. It is ancient by technology time standards. It does, however, provide a historical perspective that is worth noting. Read it here: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FNP/is_14_43/ai_n6121574/




Anderson, C. (2004). Tech’s long tail [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/
chris_anderson_of_wired_on_tech_s_long_tail.html


Desjardins, D. (2004). Death of DVD retail greatly exaggerated. DSN Retailing Today. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FNP/is_14_43/ai_n6121574/


Thornburg, D. D. (2008). Emerging technologies and McLuhan's Laws of Media. Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration.


Thornburg, D. D. (2009a). Increasing returns. [Vodcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1


Thornburg, D. D. (2009b). Red queens. [Vodcast]. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4199715&Survey=1&47=5797856&ClientNodeID=984645&coursenav=1&bhcp=1